| apt-cache |
Query the Ubuntu's Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) cache.
- List all the available packages:
apt-cache pkgnames
- Find the packagename and package description:
apt-cache search packagename
Example:
apt-cache search nmap
- Show all packagenames starting with nnn:
apt-cache pkgnames nnn
Example:
apt-cache pkgnames emacs
- Show more information about a package:
apt-cache show nnn
Example:
apt-cache show emacs
- Show dependencies for a particular package:
apt-cache showpkg nnn
Example:
apt-cache showpkg emacs
- Show overall statistics about the cache:
apt-cache stats
|
| apt-get |
APT package handling utility.
The apt-get command works with Ubuntu's Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) for package management
- Install a package:
apt-get install packagename
Example:
apt-get install nmap
- Remove an installed package without removing their configuration files:
apt-get remove packagename
Example:
apt-get remove nmap
- Completely remove an installed package including their configuration files:
apt-get purge packagename
Example:
apt-get purge nmap
- Update the package index.
The APT package index is essentially a database of available packages from the repositories defined in the
/etc/apt/sources.list file and in the /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory.
The update command fetch the packages from their locations and update the packages to newer version.
apt-get update
- Upgrade packages.
Over time, updated versions of packages currently installed on your computer may become available from the package
repositories (for example security updates). To upgrade your system, first update your package index as outlined above, and then type:
apt-get upgrade
|
| cat |
Concatenate files and print on the standard output
- Example generate random numbers:
cat /dev/urandom
|
| dd |
Convert and copy file
- Example:
Create a file with 250 "0".
dd if=/dev/zero of=zero.txt count=250
if = input file
of = input file
|
| dpkg |
Debian package management system
- Install a .deb package:
dpkg -i packagename.deb
Example:
dpkg -i skype-ubuntu-precise_4.2.0.13-1_i386.deb
- List installed packages:
dpkg -l
- Remove an installed package:
dpkg -r packagename
Example:
dpkg -r skype-ubuntu-precise_4.2.0.13-1_i386
|
| find |
Search for files in a directory hierarchy
- Example:
find / -name logs -print
find / -name "*log*" -print
find / -name "*[dD]esktop" -print
find / -name passwd 2> error.txt
find / -name passwd -print 2> /dev/null
Note:
0 = stdin
1 = stdout
2 = stderr
|
| ln |
Make link between files
- Example symbolic link:
ln -s /etc/passwd passwd
- Example hard link:
ln file1.txt file2.txt
|
| samba |
Access home directory (Linux system) from Windows environment
- Edit file: /etc/samba/smb.conf
- To share a user home directory, uncomment lines in smb.conf:
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
- Restart samba, type: sudo service samba restart
- To access the Linux home directory from Windows environment, type:
\\server\username
|
| sysctl |
Configure kernel parameters at runtime
- Display all values currently available:
sysctl -a
|
| tar |
Stores and extracts files from a tape or disk archive
- Example tar:
tar cfzv test.tar.gz weg*.txt
- Example untar:
tar xfzv test.tar.gz
Note:
c = create
f = use archive file
z = use gzip
v = verbose
x = extract
|
| which |
Locate a command
- Show location:
which filename
Example:
which perl
|
| xdd |
Make a hexdump or do the reverse
|
| zip |
Package and compress files
- Example zip:
zip test.zip weg*.txt
- Example unzip:
unzip test.zip
|
